Class name Subject Book title Chapter number Content Created at
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 the redistribution function. Reprint 2026-27 Stabilisation Function of Government Budget The government may need to correct fluctuations in income ...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 Firms are taxed on a proportional basis, where the tax rate is a particular proportion of profits. With respect to excise taxes, necessities of lif...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 on these loans. Similarly, when government sells an asset, then it means that in future its earnings from that asset, will disappear. Thus, these r...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 securityconcerns,thereexistslittlescopefordrasticreduction.Subsidiesarean importantpolicyinstrumentwhichaimatincreasingwelfare.Apartfromproviding i...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 to the GDP growth rate, fiscal balance of the central o government and external balance 5. n I 5.2 B ALANCED , S URPLUS AND D EFICIT B UDGET The go...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 Deficit (2–1) 2.6 4. Capital Receipts (a+b+c) of which 5.8 (a) Recovery of loans 0.1 (b) Other receipts (mainly PSU disinvestment) 0.1 (c) Borrowin...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 capital receipts) Non-debtcreatingcapitalreceiptsarethosereceiptswhicharenotborrowings and, therefore, do not give rise to debt. Examples are recov...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 – Net interest liabilities Net interest liabilities consist of interest payments minus interest receipts by the government on net domestic lending....
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 unit, continues living. They would increase savings now, which will fully offset the increased government dissaving so that national savings do not...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 definition of aggregate demand augmented to include the government will be — AD = C + c(Y – T +TR ) + I + G (5.2) Graphically, we find that the lum...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 G to G’ and causes equilibrium income to increase from Y to Y’. Changes in Taxes We find that a cut in taxes increases disposable income (Y – T ) a...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 1 1 1 1– c = 1– 0.8 = 0.2 = 5. For an increase in government spending by 100, the equilibrium income will increase by 500(1− c ∆ G = 1×0) . The tax...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 the multipliers to work o B y d themselves out. We find that output increases by exactly the amount of e increased G with no induced consumption sp...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 AD (1 – t) Y + cR Y = AD (5.14) AD = C + cY + I + G We note that proportional taxes not only lower consumption at each AD' = C + c(1 – t)Y + I + G ...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 AD = C + c(1 – t)Y + I + G will now be given by E ∆Y = ∆G + c (1 – t)∆Y (5.19) 1 ∆G ∆Y = 1– c(1– t) (5.20) Y Y' Y The income increases from Y * Fig...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 upward fluctuation in t consumption spending. During a recession when GDP falls, disposable income falls less sharply, and consumption does not dro...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 , so output will rise by less than the amount by which it increases when government expenditure increases because a part of any increase in transfe...
Class XII English Flamingo 12 or deal with, to refuse to tolerate something Think it out 1. What will counting upto twelve and keeping still help us achieve? 2. Do you think the...
Class XII English Flamingo 13 A Thing of Beauty About the poet John Keats (1795-1821) was a British Romantic poet. Although trained to be a surgeon, Keats decided to devote hims...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 decides to borrow from private citizens by issuing bonds to finance its deficits, these bonds will compete with corporate bonds and other financial...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 3.65 in the form of food subsidy, showing that cash transfers would lead to increase in welfare. The other way is to change the scope of the govern...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 they must be provided by the government. 2.The three functions of allocation, redistribution and stabilisation operate through the expenditure and ...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 by March 31, 2009 and thereafter build up adequate revenue surplus. 2. It requires the reduction in fiscal deficit by 0.3 per cent of GDP each year...
Class XII English Flamingo 13 All lovely tales that we have heard or read; An endless fountain of immortal drink, Pouring unto us from the heaven’s brink. rills: small streams b...
Class XII Economics Introductory Macroeconomics 5 thirteen years since the FRBM act was enacted, the Indian economy has graduated to a middle income country. At the time of enactment of the FRBM, t...