Class name Subject Book title Chapter number Content Created at
Class X Science Science 8 sexes participating in sexual reproduction must be somewhat different from each other for a number of reasons. How is the sex of a newborn individu...
Class X Science Science 8 be a girl, and one human beings who inherits a Y chromosome from him will be a boy. 132 Science Reprint 2026-27 Q U E S T I O N S 1. How do Mendel’...
Class X Science Science 8 dominant or recessive? Why or why not? 3. Outline a project which aims to find the dominant coat colour in dogs. 4. How is the equal genetic contri...
Class X Science Science 9 CHAPTER 9 Light – Reflection and Refraction e see a variety of objects in the world around us. However, we are W unable to see anything in a dark r...
Class X Science Science 9 nature. In this Chapter, we shall study the phenomena of reflection and concepts will help us in the study of some of the optical phenomena ine bas...
Class X Science Science 9 a part of the surface of a sphere. Such mirrors, whose reflecting surfaces are spherical, are called spherical mirrors. We shall now study about sp...
Class X Science Science 9 surface of a spherical mirror forms a part, is called the radius of curvature of the mirror. It is represented by the letter R. You may note thatth...
Class X Science Science 9 Similarly, observe Fig. 9.2 (b). How are the rays parallel to the principal axis, reflected by a convex mirror? The reflected rays appear to come f...
Class X Science Science 9 you have seen that the sharp bright spot of light you got on the paper is, in fact, the image of the Sun. It was a tiny, real, inverted image. You ...
Class X Science Science 9 position of the object in such a case. Then, look for its virtual image in the mirror itself. ■ Note down and tabulate your observations. Light – R...
Class X Science Science 9 a point could be considered. However, it is more convenient to consider only two rays, for the sake of clarity of the ray diagram. These rays are s...
Class X Science Science 9 the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence. (a) Image formation by Concave Mirror Figure 9.7 illustrates the ray diagrams for the format...
Class X Science Science 9 as the object is moved away from the mirror? We consider two positions of the object for studying the image formed by a convex mirror. First is whe...
Class X Science Science 9 Fort facing Taj Mahal. If you visit the Agra Fort, try to observe the full image of Taj Mahal. To view distinctly, you should stand suitably at the...
Class X Science Science 9 + x-axis) are taken as positive while those measured to the left of the origin (along – x-axis) are taken as negative. (iv) Distances measured perp...
Class X Science Science 9 = h (9.2) The magnification m is also related to the object distance (u) and image distance (v). It can be expressed as: h′ v Magnification (m) = =...
Class X Science Science 9 is placed at 25.0 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15.0 cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to o...
Class X Science Science 9 slab is placed over some printed matter, the letters appear raised when viewed through the glass slab. Why does it happen? Have you seen a pencil p...
Class X Science Science 9 up the coin in one go. Did you succeed in picking up the coin? ■ Repeat the Activity. Why did you not succeed in doing it in one go? ■ Ask your fri...
Class X Science Science 9 9.10 ■ Fix a sheet of white paper on a drawing board using drawing pins. ■ Place a rectangular glass slab over the sheet in the middle. ■ Draw the ...
Class X Science Science 9 both refracting surfaces AB and CD. In Fig. 9.10, a ray EO is obliquely incident on surface AB, called incident ray. OO ′is the refracted ray and O...
Class X Science Science 9 transparent medium into another will change its direction in the second medium. The extent of the change in direction that takes place in a given p...
Class X Science Science 9 simply represented as n . If c is the speed of 148 Science Reprint 2026-27 light in air and vis the speed of light in the medium, then, the refract...
Class X Science Science 9 down and bends towards the normal. When it travels from a M denser medium to a rarer medium, it speeds up and bends away from the normal. Light – R...
Class X Science Science 9 It is simply called a convex lens. It is thicker at the middle as compared to the edges. Convex lens converges light rays as shown in Fig. 9.12 (a)...