Class name Subject Book title Chapter number Content Created at
Class X Science Science 2 Waterofcrystallisationisthefixednumberofwatermoleculespresentinoneformula unit of a salt. ■ Salts have various uses in everyday life and in industr...
Class X Science Science 2 Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to test tube A, while acetic acid (CH COOH) is...
Class X Science Science 2 extinguisher The reaction of acids with metal hydrogencarbonates is used in the fire extinguishers which produce carbon dioxide. ■ Take 20 mL of so...
Class X Science Science 3 CHAPTER 3 MetalsandNon-metals n Class IX you have learnt about various elements. You have seen I that elements can be classified as metals or non-m...
Class X Science Science 3 of iron and strike it four or five times with a hammer. What do you observe? ■ Repeat with other metals. ■ Record the change in the shape of these ...
Class X Science Science 3 the circuit between terminals A and B as shown. ■ Does the bulb glow? What does this indicate? You must have seen that the wires that carry current...
Class X Science Science 3 but it is lustrous. (iii)form is called an allotrope. Diamond, an allotrope of carbon, is and boiling point. Graphite, another allotrope of carbon,...
Class X Science Science 3 have seen in Activity 3.8 that magnesium burns in air with a dazzling white flame. Do all metals react in the same manner? Let us check by performi...
Class X Science Science 3 → 2NaOH(aq) K2O(s) + H 2(l) → 2KOH(aq) Metals and Non-metals 41 Reprint 2026-27 We have observed in Activity 3.9 that all metals do not react with ...
Class X Science Science 3 us to decide about the reactivity of zinc, iron, copper or lead. Let us see some more reactions to arrive at a conclusion about the order of reacti...
Class X Science Science 3 evolved is not sufficient for the hydrogen to catch fire. Ca(s) + 2H O(l) → Ca(OH) (aq) + H (g) 2 2 2 Calcium starts floating because the bubbles o...
Class X Science Science 3 dilute hydrochloric acid. Hydrogen gas is not evolved when a metal reacts with nitric acid. It is because HNO i3 a strong oxidising agent. It oxidi...
Class X Science Science 3 3.10 and 3.11? ■ Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that has taken place. ■ Name the type of reaction. Reactive metals can displac...
Class X Science Science 3 and added to the following solution one by one. The results obtained have been tabulated ? as follows. Metal Iron(II) sulphate Copper(II) sulphate ...
Class X Science Science 3 46 Science Reprint 2026-27 Table 3.3 Electronic configurations of some elements Type of Element Atomic Number of element number electrons in shells...
Class X Science Science 3 you name the cation and anion present in MgCl ? 3.3.1 Properties of Ionic Compounds To learn about the properties of ionic compounds, let us perfor...
Class X Science Science 3 and insoluble in solvents such as kerosene, petrol, etc. (iv) Conduction of Electricity: The conduction of electricity through of an ionic compound...
Class X Science Science 3 Reprint 2026-27 K state. For example, gold, silver, platinum and copper are found in the free state. Copper and silver are also found in the combin...
Class X Science Science 3 The oxides of these metalscanbe reducedtometalsbyheatingalone.Forexample,cinnabar (HgS) is an ore of mercury. When it is heated in air, it is first...
Class X Science Science 3 Obtaining metals from their compounds is also a reduction process. Besides using carbon (coke) to reduce metal oxides to metals, sometimes displace...
Class X Science Science 3 +22e – Similarly, aluminium is obtained by the electrolytic reduction of aluminium oxide. 3.4.6 Refining of Metals The metals produced by various r...
Class X Science Science 3 and gains a green coat. This green substance is basic copper carbonate. ■ Iron when exposed to moist air for a long time acquires a coating of a br...
Class X Science Science 3 a thin layer of zinc. The galvanised article is protected against rusting even if the zinc coating is broken. Can you reason this out? Alloying is ...
Class X Science Science 3 an alloy of copper and tin (Cu and Sn), are not good conductors of electricity whereas copper is used for making electrical circuits. Solder, an al...
Class X Science Science 3 above hydrogen in the Activity series can displace hydrogen from dilute acids. ■ A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its sal...