Class name Subject Book title Chapter number Content Created at
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 is adjusted in order to selectively enhance the growth of certain microorganisms within the mixed inoculum. For example, the addition of plant and ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 the steam released at this temperature and sterilisation is achieved. Autoclaves are of vertical or horizontal design and they may be jacketed and ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 types of radiations, namely, ionizing and non-ionizing radiations are used for sterilisation. As radiation does not generate heat, so sterilisation...
Class XII Computer Science Computer Science 2 a binary file. E xErcisE 1. Differentiate between: a) text file and binary file b) readline() and readlines() c) write() and writelines() 2. Write ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 as antiseptic on skin. Isopropyl alcohol can be used to disinfect surfaces and clinical thermometers. Aldehydes such as 40 percent formaldehyde (fo...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 flame Single Streak colonies after incubation Fig. 6.2: The streak plate method Microbial culture 157 Reprint 2025-26 An alternative method for the ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 below: Temperature Microorganisms are able to grow over a wide range of temperatures. The minimum and maximum growth temperatures for a microorgani...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 oxygen is provided by shaking or mechanical stirring to facilitate uniform growth. Obligate anaerobes cannot tolerate oxygen and they are cultured ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 b (log) phase i Decline/death f phase r b Lag m Phase u g L Time Fig. 6.5: Microbial growth curve Lag Phase Initially, when microorganisms are intr...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 population growth ceases and the growth curve becomes horizontal. This depends on the overall nutrient availability and other factors,aswellasthety...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 a culture contains 10 cells/mL at t ond 10 cells/ml after 2 h, calculate the specific growth rate and generation time of the culture. Solution: X =...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 the number of viable cells versus the incubation time, which results in a curve with four distinct phases, namely lag, exponential, stationary, and...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 assertion. Microbial culture 165 Reprint 2025-26 (c) Assertion is true but reason is false. (d) Both assertion and reason are false. 14. Assertion:...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 7 Chapter 7 Plant Tissue Culture Plant tissue culture (PTC) refers to the cultivation of 7.1 Historical undifferentiated plant cells, tissues or orga...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 7 –70s, extensive studies were performed to improve the existing techniques for developing new methods to optimise the nutrient media components for ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 7 of vitamin B as growth supplement in plant tissue culture was 1934 reported by White. He could successfully establish continuous growing cultures f...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 7 the Government of India for commercial production in India. 1993 Kranz and Lorz produced fertile maize plants through in vitro fertilisation. Plant...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 7 important role in organogenesis. The process of formation of an embryo from somatic cells is called somatic embryogenesis. Resulting embryos are ca...
Class XII Computer Science Computer Science 2 to enter the following records in a binary file: Item No integer Item_Name string Qty integer Price float Number of records to be entered should be...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 7 takes place onto the nutrient media (Fig. 7.1 (b)). Fig.7.1: Variousstagesofregenerationof tomatotissuecultureplant:(PhotoCourtesy:Dr.ManojSharma) ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 7 required in small amounts (micro molar concentrations) and are categorised as micronutrients. These include boron (B), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), ir...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 7 Antibiotics can be used to suppress the bacteria and antifungal agents for mould infections in cultures. The recipe of plant tissue culture media i...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 7 to as cell suspension culture. Single cells from the cell suspension culture can be used for genetic transformation studies, production of secondar...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 7 are also called synthetic seeds or somatic seeds. Using nutrient media with suitable hormones, somatic embryos are produced on the callus tissue. T...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 7 of species barrier. Therefore, good characters from one species cannot be transferred to another species through sexual reproduction. Somatic hybri...