Class name Subject Book title Chapter number Content Created at
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 coli exhibit several other activities, such as 5′→ 3′ exonuclease and 3′→ 5′-exonuclease. New strand 5' 5' Template strand 3' 3' Sugar A T A T Phos...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 Thus, the recombinant cells are distinguished from non-recombinants based on their expression or non-expression of certain traits, such as antibiot...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 transformed host cells with recombinant plasmids (with insert). Now it is essential to identify those cells that have received the recombinant plas...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 took up non-recombinant Ampicillin Transformed bacterial in media plasmids formed colonies colonies with recombinant/ non-recombinant plasmid Tetra...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 in white colonies, where X-gal is not hydrolysed, indicate the presence of an insert in lacZ, which disrupts the formation of an active β-galactosi...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 support is placed in a tray. Buffer solution is added in the tray to half the height of the solid support. A Whatman paper strip is placed on the s...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 It is used to detect specific RNA molecules in a mixture of RNA. It was developed by American scientists J. Alwine, David Kemp and George Stark in ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 SDS-PAGE gel based on their electrophoretic mobility, which depends on charge, molecule size and Labeled antibody Protein Separated Electro transfe...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 As the name implies, it is a chain reaction carried out in repeated cycles, which involves the process of heating and cooling called thermal cyclin...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 primer, a short sequence of nucleotides that provides 3′-OH end to start DNA synthesis. Two types of single stranded synthetic deoxyoligonucleotide...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 in a typical PCR reaction. In PCR, the amplified product is analysed by gel electrophoresis at the end of reaction (end point analysis). Theamounto...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 molecular biology and rDNA technology. One of the applications of PCR is to quantify mRNA to assess the expression of a gene. It is also used to am...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 (5′′- UTR), open-reading frames (ORFs) 1a and 1b encodes non-structural proteins, 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), papain-like protease (PLpr...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 the accumulation of the product over the duration of the real-time PCR experiment. The fluorescent signal from individual sample is plotted against...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 and cDNA libraries), which are described in the following section. (i) Genomic DNA Library A genomic library is a collection of clones of small fra...
Class XII Chemistry Chemistry-II 2 (i) 4-Chloro-3-ethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-butan-1-ol (ii) 2, 5-Dimethylhexane-1,3-diol (iii) 3-Bromocyclohexanol (iv) Hex-1-en-3-ol (v) 2-Bromo-3-meth...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 Gene expression in higher eukaryotes is tissue-specific. In specific cells, certain genes undergo moderate to high expression. For example, the gen...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 significance in the applications of biotechnology. The most important application of cDNA library is to know which genes are active in particular t...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 a group of enzymes that catalyse the synthesis of new DNA strand by using dNTPs on a template strand. • Alkaline phosphatase is used to remove the ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 three steps, i.e., denaturation, annealing and extension. The amplified product of PCR can be analysed by gel electrophoresis at the end of reactio...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 3 antibiotic resistant gene. 10. Identify the correctly matched pair from the following options. (a) Northern blot: Detect specific sequence of DNA (...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 Applications of Recombinant Chapter 4 DNA Technology Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology has revolutionised 4.1 DNA Fingerprinting our life in variou...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 there exists short sequences of nucleotides which are repeated a number of times in tandem called STR VNTRs (short tandem repeats) at a locus which...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 Restriction digestion Sample Extracted Fragmented DNA DNA Electrophoresis gel nylon Probe membrane gel DNA pattern Hybridisation with DNA Transferr...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 4 BiotechnologyXII Reprint 2025-26 3. DNA fingerprinting is also used to compare DNA extracts from fossils to modern day counter parts andtherefore,f...