Class name Subject Book title Chapter number Content Created at
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 5 5.8: Gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Guide RNA position the specific region of genomic DNA with Cas9 protein complex for inducing double...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 5 Bacteria use CRISPR-Cas systems to recognise and cut the DNA of invading viruses into inactive segments called CRISPR arrays. This effectively disa...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 5 the evolutionary relationship. Rapid progress in the field has led to advancements in structural genomics, which deals with the three dimensional i...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 5 organisation of related species. An interesting example is to see as to how genes that are common between mice and human are redistributed across d...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 5 the gene are modified by creating point mutations so that it can be mutated or replaced by another amino acid that modulate the desired activity. L...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 5 DNA natural DNA (SDM) or PCR DNA -----TGGGTU------ -----TGGGU------ CAT CAC CAT CAC CAT CAC RNA ----- AUGGGU----- ----- AUGGGU-----CUCAC CAUCAC CAT...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 5 function of each fragment of antibody is well defined i.e., the antigen binding activity (present in Fab fragment) and the effector function (in th...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 5 F. Internalization of recombinant immunotoxin leading to cell death Fig. 5.12: Production of recombinant immunotoxin (A) Natural Antibody (B) Singl...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 5 involved in binding the antigen is transferred to the equivalent position in a human antibody coding genes using recombinant DNA techniques, thereb...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 5 bases are separated and detected by a fluorescence detector. By this method, base position and type of DNA bases are identified. • Next generation ...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 5 with the state of a cell. Genome Technologyand Engineering 137 Reprint 2025-26 • Protein engineering is applied to develop novel reagents, diagnost...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 5 15. What are the structural, functional and comparative genomics? 16. What are the applications of protein engineering? Discuss in brief. 17. If yo...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 UNIT III Microbial, Plant, Animal Cell, Organ Cultures and Bioprocessing Chapter 6: Microbial Culture Chapter 7: Plant Tissue Culture Chapter 8: An...
Class XII Informatics Practices Informatics Practices 1 sec) 1.2.2 Aggregate Functions Aggregate functions are also called multiple row functions. These functions work on a set of records as a whole, and...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 laid the foundation of microbiology. In the 1670s to 1680s, a Dutch merchant, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek developed the microscope and observed the mic...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 in such broths due to the agents coming Louis Pasteur’s experiment that illustrates the idea of germ from outside, rather theory of disease. (The u...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 salts), and vitamins (e.g. ash). In order to develop more versatile basal medium, Ferdinand Cohn further refined the Pasteur’s medium by varying th...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 of micro organisms. By the 1930s, the researchers started to consider the importance of growth factors upon bacterial nutrition. In the 1940s, with...
Class XII Computer Science Computer Science 1 of Program 1-5. 1.7 F Inally clauSE The try statement in Python can also have an optional finally clause. The statements inside the finally block a...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 most types of bacteria. Microorganisms that obtain their carbon from carbon dioxide are called autotrophs that include a significant number of bact...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 is required for the skeleton or backbone of all organic molecules, and the carbon sources usually also provide oxygen and hydrogen atoms. In the mi...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 Though all the microorganisms need sources of energy, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and various minerals, the specific composition of a suit...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 extract and yeast extract are aqueous extracts of beef and brewer’s yeast, respectively. The beef extracts have amino acids, peptides, nucleotides,...
Class XII Mathematics Mathematics Part-II 1 Solution We note that x – x ≥ 0 on [– 1, 0] and x – x ≤ 0 on [0, 1] and that x – x ≥ 0 on [1, 2]. So by P 2e write 2 0 1 2 ∫ x – x dx = ∫ (x – x) d...
Class XII Biotechnology Biotechnology 6 type of microorganism. They provide nutrients that increase the growth of a particular type of microorganism and suppresses all other microorganism...